Multi-Lumen Tamper Tube

ABSTRACT

The present technology relates generally to a method and device for closing percutaneous punctures, and more particularly to a multi-lumen tamper for such a device. A closure device for sealing a percutaneous puncture in a wall of a body passageway is disclosed, the closure device including a plug configured to engage a surface of the puncture; a toggle configured to engage an internal surface of the body passageway; an elongate filament configured to associate the plug with the toggle; a locking member configured to engage the plug; and a tamper comprising at least two lumens, wherein a first lumen of the at least two lumens is configured to deliver a pharmaceutical agent to the plug.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/675,115, filed Aug. 11, 2017, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/946,398, filed Jul. 19, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,757,104, issued Sep. 12, 2017, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/673,570, filed Jul. 19, 2012. The content of each application in the paragraph is hereby incorporated by reference herein.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present technology relates generally to a method and device for closing percutaneous punctures, and more particularly to a multi-lumen tamper for such a device.

BACKGROUND

Percutaneous access of the vascular system for vascular device delivery is a common medical procedure. Typically, this involves using a hollow needle to puncture a vessel, then introducing an introducer sheath to open the puncture site for the introduction of catheters and wire guides for navigation through the vascular system to facilitate delivery. For example, in many cases, vascular access requires introduction of catheters and wire guides through the femoral artery. Once the procedure is completed, the devices are removed from the patient and pressure is applied to the puncture site to stop the bleeding. Thereafter, the puncture may be sealed using a closure device.

Closure devices generally consist of three basic sealing components: a toggle (or anchor) member, a sealing member (or plug), and a filament (or suture). To lock the components together within the puncture, a locking member may be used. To facilitate sealing and locking of the closure device components within and around the puncture, a tamper may be used. Embodiments of the present technology are directed to closing percutaneous punctures using a closure device with a multi-lumen tamper.

SUMMARY

According to one aspect there is a closure device for sealing a percutaneous puncture in a wall of a body passageway, the closure device comprising: a plug configured to engage a surface of the puncture; a toggle configured to engage an internal surface of the body passageway; an elongate filament configured to associate the plug with the toggle; a locking member configured to engage the plug; and a tamper comprising at least two lumen, wherein a first lumen of the at least two lumen is configured to deliver a pharmaceutical agent to the plug.

According to another aspect, there is a drug delivery kit, comprising: a closure device, for sealing a percutaneous puncture in a wall of a body passageway, the closure device comprising: a guidewire passing through at least a portion of the closure device; a tamper associated with the guidewire, wherein the tamper comprises at least two lumen; and a drug releasably carried in at least one of the tamper lumen.

According to another aspect, there is a deployment instrument for deploying a closure device for sealing a percutaneous puncture in a wall of a body passageway, the deployment instrument comprising: the closure device comprising a tamper, wherein the tamper comprises at least two lumen; a carrier device, wherein the carrier device is configured to hold the closure device in a pre-deployment state.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments of the present technology are described herein with reference to the attached drawing sheets in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a closure device and deployment device, according to embodiments of the present technology.

FIGS. 2-10 show schematic views of a closure device during the process of closing a percutaneous puncture in an artery wall, according to embodiments of the present technology.

FIG. 11 shows a three-lumen tamper tube configured to deliver a pharmaceutical agent or other substance to a puncture site, according to embodiments of the present technology.

FIG. 12 shows a three-lumen tamper tube configured to deliver a pharmaceutical agent or other substance to a puncture site with a guidewire channel, according to embodiments of the present technology.

FIG. 13 shows a three-lumen tamper configured to deliver a pharmaceutical agent or other substances to the puncture site, including a plug, according to embodiments of the present technology.

FIG. 14 shows a three-lumen tamper configured to deliver a pharmaceutical agent or other substances to the puncture site via a lumen and an extension tube, according to embodiments of the present technology.

FIG. 15 shows a three-lumen tamper tube configured to deliver a pharmaceutical agent or other substance to the puncture site with an entry hole on the side of the tamper, according to embodiments of the present technology.

FIG. 16 shows a three-lumen tamper tube configured to deliver a pharmaceutical agent or other substance to the puncture site with an entry hole on the side of the tamper via a lumen and an extension tube, according to embodiments of the present technology.

FIG. 17 shows a three-lumen tamper tube configured to deliver a pharmaceutical agent or other substance to the puncture site with an entry hole on the side of the tamper via a lumen and a drug delivery member, according to embodiments of the present technology.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

Aspects and embodiments of the present technology are directed to a method and device for closing percutaneous punctures, and more particularly to a multi-lumen tamper tube for such a device. Such devices and methods are used to close a relatively large puncture, or wound, of a body lumen, such as, for example, a femoral artery. Such a large puncture may exist as a result of balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) for the treatment of aortic valve disease, a percutaneous aortic valve replacement (PAVR) procedure for the treatment of abdominal aorta disease or the like (e.g. abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, or AAA), a trans-catheter placement of stent valves for the replacement of damaged or diseased aortic valves (trans-catheter aortic valve implantation, TAVI), or any other similar related procedure (collectively herein, the “related procedures”). The multi-lumen tamper tube may be used for the precise delivery of drugs, such as thrombin, to the puncture site.

Aspects of the disclosed technology are described below with reference to a particular embodiment configured to close a percutaneous puncture in an artery of a patient. However, it should be appreciated that embodiments of the present technology may be implemented in other body lumen, including other types of vessels. Furthermore, aspects of the disclosed multi-lumen tamper are described below with reference to particular closure and deployment devices for closing percutaneous punctures. However, it should be appreciated that embodiments of the present technology may be implemented in other various closure devices.

As used herein, the term “distal” when referred to the end of an element of the present technology will refer to the end closest to, or configured to enter a puncture in, an artery of the patient, where the “proximal” end refers to the opposite end, farthest away from the artery.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a closure device 150 and deployment device 151, according to embodiments of the present technology. Prior to deployment of closure device 150, the contents of closure device 150 fit within deployment instrument 110 of deployment device 151. After deployment device 151 is inserted into the punctured artery of the patient, closure device 150 is deployed from the deployment device 151 to close the puncture. FIG. 1 shows closure device 150 in a fully deployed state.

Closure device 150 includes, among other things, a toggle 115, plug (e.g. collagen pad) 117, tamper 120 and tensioning cartridge 121. As shown in FIG. 1, toggle 115, plug 117, tamper 120 and tensioning cartridge 121 are each associated with guidewire 20. Guidewire 20 feeds through openings in toggle 115 and plug 117, and through lumen in tamper 120 and tensioning cartridge 121. Guidewire 20 serves to facilitate placement of the closure device elements around the vessel puncture during deployment of the closure device. The guidewire may also be a guidewire lumen, or in other words a guidewire with a lumen running through the guidewire along the longitudinal axis of the guidewire. The lumen of the guidewire lumen may receive another guidewire, a pharmaceutical agent or other substance, or anything else configured to feed through such a lumen. The elements of closure device 150, including toggle 115, plug 117, tamper 120, tensioning cartridge 121, and others, may be held within a release tube (not shown) or other means that is held within deployment instrument 110. The procedure of the elements of closure device 150 being held within deployment instrument 110 and released from deployment instrument 110 to close a puncture in an artery will be discussed further with respect to FIGS. 5-7.

The toggle 115 may be an elongate, low-profile member which is arranged to be seated inside the artery against the artery wall contiguous with the puncture. Toggle 115 may be constructed of a polylactic-coglycolic acid or other synthetic absorbable polymer that degrades in the presence of water into naturally occurring metabolites (e.g., water and CO2). In an embodiment, the toggle 30 is a monolithic structure formed by a bio-absorbable polymer. However, a toggle may also include any other structure that is configured to be seated inside the artery against the artery wall contiguous with the puncture.

The plug 117 comprises, for example, a strip of compressible, resorbable, collagen foam. In an embodiment, the plug 117 is a collagen pad made of a fibrous collagen mix of insoluble and soluble collagen that is cross linked for strength. In an embodiment, the collagen may be obtained from the connective tissue of animals. The collagen may be purified from the subdermal layer of cowhide. Plug, or collagen, 117 expands in the presence of blood within the puncture tract.

Closure device 150 also includes elongate filament 118. Like guidewire 20, filament 118 may also be associated with toggle 115, plug 117, tamper 120 and tensioning cartridge 121 such that filament 118 feeds through openings in toggle 115 and plug 117, and through the lumen in tamper 120 and tensioning cartridge 121. Elongate filament 118 is, for example, a resorbable suture that is used to couple toggle 115 and plug 117 to each other and to portions of the artery to close the puncture. Filament 118 may be formed into a loop as shown in FIG. 1. Slideable knot 123 is formed from two portions of filament 118 being tied together to create such a loop. Filament 118 may be, for example, a braided multifilament size 2-0 PGA suture, but can also be made from any synthetic absorbable plastic material that degrades over time.

Closure device 150 also includes locking member 119. As shown in FIG. 1, filament 118 feeds through an opening/lumen in locking member 119. Locking member 119 is associated with filament 118 such that locking member 119 is frictionally engaged with filament 118. In other words, locking member 119 remains in place on filament 118 when no force is placed on the locking member, and only overcomes its frictional engagement with filament 118 in response to an application of force on the locking member 119. The locking member 119 comprises, for example, a cylindrical piece of resorbable iron and/or stainless steel. The locking member 119 may be crimped in a manner to provide the frictional engagement/resistance to movement along the filament 118. However, the lock may not be present, and instead, the filament is looped and/or suturing is utilized to hold the relative locations of the elements of the closure device (e.g., plug 30 and toggle 30).

Embodiments of the present technology will now be described with respect to exemplary large bore procedures that include the referenced closure and deployment devices. In order to perform any of the related procedures, the user gains percutaneous access to, for example, the femoral artery, causing a puncture in the artery. To gain percutaneous access to the artery, the Seldinger technique may be used. For example, a hollow bore needle (not shown) is inserted into the artery. A guidewire is advanced through the hollow needle shaft and into the femoral artery a sufficient distance to allow removal of the needle without the guidewire pulling out of the vessel. Removing the needle leaves the guidewire in place, with a portion thereof extending into the artery. The guidewire, extending from outside the patient into the femoral artery, provides for an entry means for other medical devices. Therefore, once the guidewire is positioned in the vessel of the patient, catheters, or introducers, of gradually increasing diameters are advanced over the guidewire and through the puncture into the artery to further open the puncture site. Then, an introducer/procedure sheath set, i.e. an introducer inside an access tube or sheath, is provided via the guidewire such that the sheath runs through the artery puncture and, once positioned, provides for sizable access to the vessel interior from outside the body.

After the relevant procedure is completed, the puncture in the artery created by the bore needle during percutaneous access of the artery may be closed. An efficient method for large bore puncture closure that minimizes blood loss is desirable. For example, closure device 150 may be used to seal the puncture. FIGS. 2-10 show schematic views of closure device 150 during the process of closing a percutaneous puncture in an artery wall.

To deliver closure device 150 to the puncture so that the closure device 150 may close the puncture, the introducer/procedure sheath set is replaced by a closure sheath set. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, closure sheath 100 is provided into artery 55 such that shaft 102 of sheath 100 runs through the artery puncture 90, providing access to the inside of artery 55. Procedure sheath is exchanged for the closure sheath by removing procedure sheath from the patient, leaving the guidewire in place, and feeding the closure sheath 100 over guidewire 20 into artery 55 through puncture 90. Closure sheath 100 remains partially within artery 55, partially within puncture 90, and partially outside artery 55, as shown in FIG. 2.

In order to seal a percutaneous puncture in an artery such as puncture 90, the deployment device 151, which contains closure device 150 within the hollow inside portion (not shown) of deployment device 151, gains access to the artery through the puncture. Deployment device 151 gains access to the artery via sheath 100, as shown in FIG. 3. Sheath 100 includes a hub 101 and a shaft 102. Sheath hub 101 is connected to sheath shaft 102 on one end of hub 101, and is configured to receive deployment instrument 151 at its other end. Sheath hub 101 is specifically designed to interface with the deployment instrument body 111 (also, for example, the handle of the deployment instrument). In FIG. 3, deployment instrument body 111 is shown fully inserted into sheath 100 and attached (for example, snapped into) sheath hub 101.

After deployment instrument 151, and therefore closure device 150, is in a desired location within artery 55, the user may release closure device 150 from deployment instrument 151. FIG. 3 shows the beginning of the process of releasing closure device 150 from deployment instrument 151. Shown protruding out of the distal end (the end within artery 55) of shaft 102 is a portion of closure device 150, including toggle 115 and release tube 113. As shown in FIG. 5, closure device 150 also includes delivery tube 116. Delivery tube 116 has a smaller diameter than release tube 113 such that release tube 113 can slide over delivery tube 116 as shown in FIG. 5. Toggle 115 is held within delivery tube 116 until released into artery 55.

Before toggle 115 is released further from release tube 113, the entire device (including sheath 100, closure device 150, etc.) is gradually withdrawn from artery 55 until radiographic marker 114, which is located on release tube 113, aligns with external radiographic marker 75, as shown in FIG. 4. Radiographic marker 75 is located on the outside wall of artery 55 (e.g., on tissue 70 adjacent to puncture 90). This action places the toggle 115, as shown, in near proximity of the puncture 90. Release tube 113 is physically connected to release knob 112, whereby a pulling motion on the release knob 112 in a direction away from artery 55 moves the release tube 113 in the same direction. This pulling motion releases the toggle 115 out of release tube 113 and delivery tube 116 such that the toggle has an orientation substantially parallel with the longitudinal axis of vessel 55, as shown in FIG. 5. Given the proximity of the toggle 115 in relation to the puncture 90, further withdrawal of the combined assembly serves to move the toggle 115 into position on the inside surface of the vessel 55 at the puncture site 90, as shown in FIG. 6.

As the user further withdraws the closure device and connected sheath, the components within the delivery tube 116 emerge. FIG. 6 shows closure device 150, including toggle 115, plug 117, tamper 120, locking member 119, filament 118 and tensioning cartridge 121, fully withdrawn from deployment instrument 151 (not shown). As noted, toggle 115 and plug 117 are connected by a filament 118. In one embodiment, plug 117, toggle 115 and filament 118 are arranged in a pulley-like fashion. Therefore, pulling on tensioning cartridge 121 in a direction away from artery 55 (similar to the direction that release knob 113 was pulled to release the closure device elements) causes tension in filament 118 that moves toggle 115 fully into position against the inside wall of vessel 55 at puncture 90 such that toggle 115 covers puncture 90. Furthermore, the tension in filament 118 also pulls plug 117 into puncture 90, and causes plug 117 to fill out substantially the rest of the space within puncture 90, as shown in FIG. 7. As noted, after plug 117 is in contact with blood or other fluids within puncture 90, plug 117 will expand to fill out the rest of puncture tract 90.

As noted, locking member 119 is associated with filament 118 such that locking member 119 is frictionally engaged with filament 118. In other words, locking member 119 remains in place on filament 118 when no force is placed on the locking member, and only overcomes its frictional engagement with filament 118 in response to an application of force on the locking member 119. After the user has pulled the tensioning cartridge 121 to cause tension in filament 118 and to cause plug 117 to enter puncture 90, the user advances tamper 120 along guidewire 20 and filament 118, as shown in FIG. 10, such that tamper 120 contacts locking member 119 and advances locking member 119 until locking member 119 contacts plug 117, as shown in FIG. 7. As also shown in FIG. 7, plug 117 folds over the top of and inside puncture 90. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, tamper 120 may push a portion or all of plug 117 below the outside surface of tissue/skin 70. Furthermore, tamper 120 may be inserted less than 1 cm into puncture 90, or may be inserted much greater distances (e.g. 3-6 cm, or more) into the puncture.

Locking member 119, together with the plug 117 and toggle 115, effect a seal of the puncture 90. As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, tension is maintained on the tensioning cartridge 121 throughout the deployment of the plug 117 and toggle 115. After advancement of locking member 119 by the tamper tube 120 and folding/compaction of plug 117, guidewire 20 may be removed from the patient as shown in FIG. 8. Tension is still held on the tension cartridge 121, and the user may re-compress plug 117 as necessary to confirm a proper seal of puncture 90. After locking member 119 has secured plug in place and guidewire 20 has been removed, filament 118 may be cut below tamper 120 to remove the remaining filament 118, tamper 120 and tensioning cartridge 121 from the puncture site, as shown in FIG. 9. Remaining portions of closure device 150, including toggle 115 and plug 117, and a portion of filament 118, will resorb into the body of the patient over time (as may locking member 119, depending on the material making up locking member 119).

As noted, tamper 120 includes lumen that guidewire 20 and filament 118 feed through. Tamper 120 may include, for example, two lumens, three lumens, or more than three lumens. Referring back to FIG. 1, tamper 120 is shown as including three lumens, at least one lumen to receive guidewire 20 and at least one lumen to receive filament 118. The third lumen may be used to facilitate the delivery of pharmaceutical agents, such as thrombin, or other substances to the puncture. If tamper 120 includes less than three lumens, for example, either guidewire 20 or filament 118 may share the same lumen as a pharmaceutical agent.

FIG. 11 shows a three-lumen tamper tube configured to deliver a pharmaceutical agent (i.e. drugs) or other substances to the puncture site, according to embodiments of the present technology. Tamper 120 includes lumen 28, through which guidewire 20 feeds, lumen 29, through which filament 118 feeds, and third lumen 30, which includes entry hole 35 into which a substance may be delivered. Third lumen 30 includes entry hole 35 located at the end of third lumen 30, and at the end of tamper 120, which may be at the distal end of tamper 120. It should be appreciated that the end of tamper 120 may be in a configuration other than flat (slanted, ridged, etc.). Furthermore, it should be appreciated that tamper 120 itself may be in a configuration other than an elongate cylindrical structure (rectangular box, shorter non-elongate cylinder, etc.). Third lumen 30 also includes release hole 36 located at the end of third lumen 30, and at the end of tamper 120, which may be closest to the artery wall. However, in certain embodiments, tamper 120 may be reversed such that hole 36 may be used as the entry point for substance delivery and hole 35 may be used as the release point for substance delivery.

The three (or more) lumens of tamper 120 may be any size or shape as long as the size of the lumen as a whole do not compromise the structural stability of tamper 120. For example, although lumen 28, 29 and 30 are shown in FIG. 11 as having a cylindrical shape, the lumen may be of a variety of different shapes. Furthermore, the lumen may have a larger diameter than the diameters shown in FIG. 11. For example, one or more of the lumens may have diameters stretching closer to the outside edge of tamper 120, and/or stretching closer to the other lumen. However, as noted, the lumen should not have diameters such that the structural stability of tamper 120 is compromised. For example, if one or more of the tamper lumen were wide enough, then a user holding the tamper and, for example, applying force on the tamper with the user's fingers, may damage tamper 120 by applying that force. On the other hand, the three lumens should be large enough to allow for the unrestricted movement of guidewire 20, suture 118 and/or pharmaceutical agent 40 through the lumen within tamper 120 (unless, for example, a certain level of restriction/friction/tension is desired).

Furthermore, one or more of lumen 28, 29 and 30 may be located at the edge of tamper 120 such that the lumen is an elongate channel and includes an opening where the lumen is accessible from the exterior of tamper 120, as shown in FIG. 12. However, it may not be beneficial to the user for the user's fingers to touch the contents of the channel 31, such as guidewire 20, filament 118, or agent 40. Therefore, the channel may be configured in such a way (skinny in width, small opening, etc.) that prevents the fingers of the user from penetrating the lumen. Furthermore, tamper 120 may include bridges 32 attached to the body of the tamper that allow for the user to touch portions of the channel's surface area, but without penetrating the internal portions of channel 31. The bridges may also have further utility in that they may cause the guidewire, suture, or agent to be “trapped” or otherwise retained within the channel (if, for example, the configuration of the channel does not already have that utility).

As noted, tamper 120 contacts locking member 119 and advances locking member 119 until locking member 119 contacts plug 117, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. Since the distal end of tamper 120 contacts locking member 119, the holes in that end of tamper 120 should not be large enough such that locking member 119 (or plug 117) may be pushed into the lumen in tamper 120 connected to that hole. This size requirement for release hole 36, for example, is therefore dependent on the size of the proximal end of locking member 119 that is used in the relevant embodiment of closure device 150.

In some embodiments, it may be beneficial for one or more of the lumen, such as the lumen configured to deliver a pharmaceutical agent, to have a diameter as large as possible so that it may carry the largest amount of pharmaceutical agent as possible as one time for delivery to the puncture site. For example, in one embodiment of tamper 120, the walls between lumen 30 and the other lumen may be very thin so as to only prevent pharmaceutical agent 40 from exiting lumen 30 before reaching release hole 36. However, the walls between the lumen should not be so thin such that, either guidewire 20 or suture 118 may puncture one or more of the walls. Furthermore, the drug delivery lumen may have a specifically chosen size such that a drug may be delivered at a certain predetermined rate.

FIG. 13 shows a three-lumen tamper 120 configured to deliver a pharmaceutical agent or other substances to the puncture site, including plug 117, according to embodiments of the present technology. More specifically, FIG. 13 shows the flow of the pharmaceutical agent, or other substance, through lumen 30, as shown by arrow 40, and into plug 117, which is at least partially condensed into puncture 90, as shown by arrows 41. Tamper 120 is fed over guidewire 20 because guidewire 20 allows for the guided motion of tamper towards and away from the puncture site when desired by the user. In other words, guidewire 20 prevents the user from having to balance tamper 120 on locking member 119 and/or plug 117 in the lateral direction (the direction perpendicular to a longitudinal axis going through tamper 120 from the distal end of the tamper to the proximal end). Third lumen 30 allows for a similar guided path for a pharmaceutical agent or other substance to follow through tamper 120, as well as a guided (predetermined) delivery point of release hole 36. If no guidewire is used in closure device 150, elongate filament 118 may serve the same purpose as guidewire 20, namely to provide for a guided path for the pharmaceutical agent or other substance to be delivered to the puncture/plug. In other words, because lumen 30 is substantially parallel to lumen 28 and lumen 29, a substance deposited into lumen 30 will travel in the same direction as guidewire 20 and/or filament 118, allowing the user to control the location of deposit of the substance through release hole 36 based on the location of guidewire 20 and/or filament 118. It should be appreciated that even if two or more of lumen 28, 29 or 30 are not parallel but are close to being parallel, such an embodiment was contemplated by the inventors. Lumen 30 allows for the user to deliver a pharmaceutical agent or another substance to a specific desired location within the surgical site, such as onto plug 117 or elsewhere. This goal of delivery of a pharmaceutical agent or another substance to a specific desired location within the surgical site is achieved if the user understands the physical relationship between the pharmaceutical delivery lumen and the other lumen.

The pharmaceutical agent 40 deposited into lumen 30 via entry hole 35 may include any of many different drugs such as, for example, thrombin. Punctures/ruptures in arterial walls trigger the clotting cascade, a complex series of signals and protein activations that ultimately result in a clot to help close the puncture in the artery wall. The key factor in the clotting cascade is thrombin. Thrombin is a protease that, for example, activates platelets to form an initial “plug” of the puncture and conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. Fibrin is responsible for forming a more permanent seal of the puncture and polymerizes to form a linked structure. Thrombin also activates Factor XIII to Factor XIIIa, which strengthens the bonds between the fibrin monomers in the linked structure, making the initial clot more permanent. Therefore, the inventors have discovered that accurate delivery of extra thrombin to the puncture site of a catheter procedure shortens the time to hemostasis.

FIG. 14 shows a three-lumen tamper 120 configured to deliver a pharmaceutical agent or other substances to the puncture site via lumen 30 and extension tube 60, according to embodiments of the present technology. Extension tube 60 is connected and sealed to entry hole 35 of lumen 30. Extension tube 60 allows for modified access to lumen 30. For example, extension tube 60 may allow for the user to insert a pharmaceutical agent or other substance into lumen 30 from outside the patient's artery, or from outside the patient all together. Extension tube 60 is shown in FIG. 14 as having a cylindrical, bent shape. However, extension tube 60 may have a variety of shapes and lengths and may vary in shape and/or length throughout its structure.

FIG. 15 shows a three-lumen tamper tube configured to deliver a pharmaceutical agent (i.e. drugs) or other substances to the puncture site with an entry hole on the side of tamper 120, according to embodiments of the present technology. While FIG. 11 included an embodiment of tamper 120 such that entry hole 35 is located at the end of tamper 120, entry hole 35 may also be placed on the side of tamper 120, as shown by side entry 15 in FIG. 15. Furthermore, tamper 120 may include an entry hole on any other portion of tamper 120 where the entry hole connects to lumen 30 to deliver inserted agents to the user's desired location. Placement of an entry hole at a variety of different portions of tamper tube 120 allows for the user to choose the location easiest for delivering the desired substance based on the user's desired delivery device. Furthermore, tamper 120, and more specifically one or more lumen of tamper tube 120, may include more than one access hole (such as entry hole 35 or side entry 15).

Pharmaceutical agent 40 or other substance may be deposited into lumen 30 in a variety of different ways. For example, agent 40 may be deposited into lumen 30 using extended port 65, as shown in FIG. 16. A drug delivery member, such as a syringe, may be connected to the end of extended port 65 to deposit pharmaceutical agent into lumen 30 via extended port 65. Furthermore, a drug delivery member, such as syringe 135, may be connected directly to entry hole 15 without the use of extended port 65, as shown in FIG. 17. Extended port 65 is connected to entry hole 15, and may be sealed via seal 16 such that pharmaceutical agent deposited into hole 15 via port 65 is not leaked from the connection between port 65 and hole 15. The syringe or other deposit mechanism may be connected to tamper 120 in a variety of different ways, including a variety of different locations based on the location of the entry hole. For example, as noted, extension port 65 may be connected to an extension such as extension tube 60, or to any other mechanism that allows for the pharmaceutical agent or other substance to be safely deposited into lumen 30.

Furthermore, the pharmaceutical agent may be delivered via lumen 30, for example, at any time during the large bore closure procedure. For example, a pharmaceutical agent may be delivered to the puncture site before plug 117 has been condensed, after plug 117 has been partially condensed, after plug 117 has been fully condensed, or after plug 117 has expanded to fill out the rest of puncture 90.

The technology described and claimed herein is not to be limited in scope by the specific preferred embodiments herein disclosed, since these embodiments are intended as illustrations, and not limitations, of several aspects of the technology. Any equivalent embodiments are intended to be within the scope of this technology. Indeed, various modifications of the technology in addition to those shown and described herein will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description. Such modifications are also intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. 

What is claimed:
 1. A method of sealing a percutaneous puncture in a wall of an artery, the method comprising: inserting a toggle along a guidewire into the percutaneous puncture in the wall of the artery; releasing the toggle from a distal end of a delivery instrument inside the artery, wherein the toggle is coupled to the delivery instrument with a suture; advancing a tamper along the suture and the guidewire to position a plug adjacent to the toggle, wherein the tamper has a first lumen through which the guidewire extends; and locking the plug in position adjacent to the toggle.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising advancing the tamper along the suture until a proximal end of the tamper exits the distal end of a delivery instrument.
 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising locking the closure device in place with a locking member disposed on the suture to seal the percutaneous puncture.
 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after releasing the toggle from the distal end of the delivery instrument, applying tension on the suture to draw the plug toward the toggle.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein inserting the toggle into the percutaneous puncture in the wall of the artery includes: inserting a sheath into the percutaneous puncture in the wall of the artery along the guidewire; and inserting a delivery instrument carrying the toggle into the sheath.
 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising, before releasing the toggle from the distal end of the delivery instrument, withdrawing the sheath and the delivery instrument in a distal direction until a marker on the delivery instrument indicates a desired position of the toggle inside the artery.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the delivery instrument has a release member and a delivery member and the toggle is restrained by the release member and the delivery member while inserting the toggle along the guidewire into the percutaneous puncture.
 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising delivering a pharmaceutical agent through a third lumen of the tamper.
 9. A method of sealing a percutaneous puncture in a wall of an artery, the method comprising: inserting a toggle of a closure device along a guidewire into the percutaneous puncture in the wall of the artery until the toggle is located inside the artery; forcing a tamper along a suture and the guidewire so that the tamper compresses a plug of the closure device adjacent to the toggle, wherein the tamper has a first lumen through which the guidewire extends; and locking the plug in place adjacent to the toggle with a locking member disposed on the suture.
 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising forcing the tamper along the suture until a proximal end of the tamper exits a distal end of a delivery instrument.
 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising applying tension on the suture to draw the plug toward the toggle.
 12. The method of claim 9, further comprising, before forcing the tamper along the suture and the guidewire, releasing the toggle from a distal end of a delivery instrument.
 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising, before inserting the toggle of the closure device into the percutaneous puncture in the wall of the artery: inserting a sheath in to the percutaneous puncture in the wall of the artery; and inserting a delivery instrument having a release member and a delivery member into the sheath.
 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising, before releasing the toggle from the distal end of the delivery instrument, withdrawing the sheath and the delivery instrument in a distal direction until a marker on the delivery instrument indicates a desired position of the toggle inside the artery.
 15. The method of claim 9, further comprising delivering a pharmaceutical agent through a second lumen of the tamper.
 16. A method of sealing a percutaneous puncture in a wall of an artery, the method comprising: inserting a deployment instrument into the percutaneous puncture in the wall of the artery along a guidewire until a distal end of the deployment instrument is located inside the artery; releasing a toggle from the distal end of the deployment instrument inside the artery; sliding a tamper along a suture and a guidewire until the tamper contacts a plug coupled to the toggle with the suture, wherein the tamper has a first lumen that receives the guidewire therethrough; and locking the plug in place relative to the toggle with a locking member disposed on the suture.
 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising sliding the tamper along the suture until a proximal end of the tamper exits a distal end of a delivery instrument.
 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising, before inserting the toggle into the percutaneous puncture in the wall of the artery: inserting a sheath in to the percutaneous puncture in the wall of the artery; and inserting a delivery instrument having a release member and a delivery member into the sheath until the delivery instrument engages the sheath and a portion of the release member and the delivery member are inside the artery.
 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising, before releasing the toggle from the delivery instrument, withdrawing the sheath and delivery instrument in a distal direction to eject the plug and the tamper from within the delivery instrument.
 20. The method of claim 16, further comprising applying tension on the suture to draw the plug toward the toggle.
 21. The method of claim 16, further comprising delivering a pharmaceutical agent through a third lumen of the tamper. 